Seminario de Posgrado "De la Historia Regional a la Historia Global..."

Sesión del 11 de febrero:

• Jurgen Osterhammel, "Introducción", "El Espacio. ¿Dónde estuvo el siglo XIX?", The transformation of the world. A global History of the 19th Century, Princeton, Princeton/Oxford University Press, 2014.

ÍNDICE:

Preface xi

Introduction xv

PART ONE: APPROACHES

I. Memory and Self-Observation: The Perpetuation of the Nineteenth Century 3

1 Visibility and Audibility 5
2 Treasuries of Memory and Knowledge 7
3 Observation, Description, Realism 17
4 Numbers 25
5 News 29
6 Photography 39

II.  Time: When Was the Nineteenth Century? 45

1 Chronology and the Coherence of the Age 45
2 Calendar and Periodization 49
3 Breaks and Transitions 52
4 The Age of Revolution, Victorianism, Fin de Siécle 58
5 Clocks and Acceleration 67

III SPACE: WHERE WAS THE NINETEENTH CENTURY? 77

1 Space and Time 77
2 Metageography: Naming Spaces 78
3 Mental Maps: The Relativity of Spatial Perspective 86
4 Spaces of Interaction: Land and Sea 94
5 Ordering and Governing Space 104
6 Territoriality, Diaspora, Borders 107

PART TWO: PANORAMAS

IV Mobilities 117

1 Magnitudes and Tendencies 117
2 Population Disasters and the Demographic Transition 124
3 The Legacy of Early Modern Migrations: Creoles and Slaves 128
4 Penal Colony and Exile 133
5 Ethnic Cleansing 139
6 I nternal Migration and the Changing Slave Trade 144
7 Migration and Capitalism 154
8 Global Motives 164

V Living Standards: Risk and Security in Material Life 167
1 The Standard of Living and the Quality of Life 167
2 Life Expectancy and "Homo hygienicus" 170
3 Medical Fears and Prevention 178
4 Mobile Perils, Old and New 185
5 Natural Disasters 197
6 Famine 201
7 Agricultural Revolutions 211
8 Poverty and Wealth 216
9 Globalized Consumption 226

VI Cities: European Models and Worldwide Creativity 241

1 The City as Norm and Exception 241
2 Urbanization and Urban Systems 249
3 Between Deurbanization and Hypergrowth 256
4 Specialized Cities, Universal Cities 264
5 The Golden Age of Port Cities 275
6 Colonial Cities, Treaty Ports, Imperial Metropolises 283
7 Internal Spaces and Undergrounds 297
8 Symbolism, Aesthetics, Planning 311

VII Frontiers: Subjugation of Space and Challenges to Nomadic Life 322
1 Invasions and Frontier Processes 322
2 The North American West 331
3 South America and South Africa 347
4 Eurasia 356
5 Settler Colonialism 368
6 The Conquest of Nature: Invasions of the Biosphere 375

VIII Imperial Systems and Nation-States: The Persistence of Empires 392
1 Great-Power Politics and Imperial Expansion 392
2 Paths to the Nation-State 403
3 What Holds Empires Together? 419
4 Empires: Typology and Comparisons 429
5 Central and Marginal Cases 434
6 Pax Britannica 450
7 Living in Empires 461

IX International Orders, Wars, Transnational Movements: Between Two World Wars 469
1 The Thorny Path to a Global System of States 469
2 Spaces of Power and Hegemony 475
3 Peaceful Europe, Wartorn Asia and Africa 483
4 Diplomacy as Political Instrument and Intercultural Art 493
5 Internationalisms and the Emergence of Universal Norms 505

X Revolutions: From Philadelphia via Nanjing to Saint Petersburg 514
1 Revolutions--from Below, from Above, from Unexpected Directions 514
2 The Revolutionary Atlantic 522
3 The Great Turbulence in Midcentury 543
4 Eurasian Revolutions, Fin de Siècle 558

XI The State: Minimal Government, Performances, and the Iron Cage 572

1 Order and Communication: The State and the Political 572
2 Reinventions of Monarchy 579
3 Democracy 593
4 Bureaucracies 605
5 Mobilization and Discipline 616
6 Self-Strengthening: The Politics of Peripheral Defensive 625
7 State and Nationalism 629

PART THREE: THEMES

XII Energy and Industry: Who Unbound Prometheus, When, and Where? 637
1 Industrialization 638
2 Energy Regimes: The Century of Coal 651
3 Paths of Economic Development and Nondevelopment 658
4 Capitalism 667

XIII Labor: The Physical Basis of Culture 673
1 The Weight of Rural Labor 675
2 Factory, Construction Site, Office 685
3 Toward Emancipation: Slaves, Serfs, Peasants 697
4 The Asymmetry of Wage Labor 706

XIV Networks: Extension, Density, Holes 710
1 Communications 712
2 Trade 724
3 Money and Finance 730

XV Hierarchies: The Vertical Dimension of Social Space 744
1 Is a Global Social History Possible? 744
2 Aristocracies in (Moderate) Decline 750
3 Bourgeois and Quasi-bourgeois 761

XVI Knowledge: Growth, Concentration, Distribution 779
1 World Languages 781
2 Literacy and Schooling 788
3 The University as a Cultural Export from Europe 798
4 Mobility and Translation 808
5 Humanities and the Study of the Other 814

XVII Civilization and Exclusion 826
1 The "Civilized World" and Its "Mission" 826
2 Slave Emancipation and White Supremacy 837
3 Antiforeignism and "Race War" 855
4 Anti-Semitism 865

XVIII Religion 873
1 Concepts of Religion and the Religious 873
2 Secularization 880
3 Religion and Empire 887
4 Reform and Renewal 894

Conclusion: The Nineteenth Century in History 902
1 Self-Diagnostics 902
2 Modernity 904
3 Again: The Beginning or End of a Century 906
4 Five Characteristics of the Century 907